02 RECORD — 2013 to 2026 - one spine - filter by strand

From Zerocash to the ETF

Every dated row the corpus holds, on one axis: exploit, governance, funding, leadership, protocol, market, regulatory, network and launch.

shielded share of supply — 2018 to 2026

Shielded share of ZEC supply, 2018 to 2026
Shielded share of ZEC supply, by reading date
DateShare of supplySource note
Aug 20183.6 per centKappos et al.'s own measurement, in the paper that also found 0.3 per cent of transactions fully private
Aug 20217.4 per centZECStats' five-years-ago baseline
Early 20248 per cent-
Aug 20249 per centForbes gives it as about 9 per cent, 1.48M of 16.3M ZEC
Start of 202511 per cent-
Oct 202518 per cent-
Nov 202523 per cent-
May 202630 per centthe peak, about 5M ZEC, and the only time the shielded share has reached 30 per cent
2026-08-22 (block 3,456,227)26 to 26.8 per centCipherScan at block 3,456,227 gives 26.0 percent shielded; ZECStats reads 26.8 percent. Cite the range, roughly 26 to 27 percent. Coin Metrics adds that the growth was driven primarily by shielding and deshielding activity, and that fully shielded transfers remain a small share.

Nine and a half years after mainnet, the shielded share peaked at 30 per cent and fell back. The final reading is a band because its two sources disagree: CipherScan reads 26 per cent and ZECStats 26.8 per cent on the same day. The decline from the May 2026 peak spans the Orchard disclosure and the forced Ironwood migration; the corpus flags the fall and declines to attribute a cause, and so does this chart.

shielded-shareconfidence: medverified 2026-08-22cite - 8 sources
claim
shielded-share
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. Kappos, Yousaf, Maller, Meiklejohn — An Empirical Analysis of Anonymity in Zcash, USENIX Security 2018 USENIX · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. ZEC Stats (zecstats.com) ZEC Stats · accessed 2026-08-22
  3. crypto.news — Why 30% of Zcash supply is in the shielded pool (29 May 2026) crypto.news · 2026-05-29 · accessed 2026-08-22
  4. Forbes — How Satoshi Collaborator Zooko Wilcox Aims to Revive His Zombie Blockchain (8 Aug 2024) Forbes · 2025-03-12 · accessed 2026-08-22
  5. Coin Metrics, State of the Network #338 Coin Metrics · 2025-11-08 · accessed 2026-08-22
  6. CipherScan — Ironwood migration tracker CipherScan · 2026-08-22 · accessed 2026-08-22
  7. CoinGecko — Zcash CoinGecko · accessed 2026-08-22
  8. Coinglass ZEC derivatives coinglass.com · accessed 2026-08-22
Claim

The governance strand runs one unbroken line: Founders' Reward to ZIP 1014 to ZIP 1015 to ZIP 1016 to the January 2026 walkout to a VC-funded lab whose engineers accounted for roughly 82 per cent of merged protocol and wallet repository changes in Ironwood.

These strands are not separate stories. The money raised in 2015 becomes the Founders' Reward, becomes the dev-fund fight, becomes the walkout, while a soundness bug sits in one circuit and then in another and the promotion network runs at full volume across the same months. That is why all 124 rows share a single spine - and why the strand filter is here, because a pattern that does not survive being taken apart is not one.

confidence: highverified 2026-08-223 sources

C8
C8confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 3 sources
claim
C8
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. The Block — Zcash developers quit, form new company (7 Jan 2026) The Block · 2026-01-07 · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. CoinDesk — ZODL raises $25M (9 Mar 2026) CoinDesk · 2026-03-09 · accessed 2026-08-22
  3. Draft ecc-zbloc (Obsolete) Zcash Improvement Proposals · accessed 2026-08-22
the 82 per cent figure, its scope and its confidence

124 dated entries, 9 strands. Showing the 24 exploit rows; the year numerals stay, so a strand's silent years remain visible.

2013
2014
2015
2016
26 Apr 2016exploitECC discloses three pre-launch protocol vulnerabilities ECC discloses three pre-launch protocol vulnerabilities: Faerie Gold (Zooko Wilcox), InternalH Collision (Taylor Hornby, critical — would have allowed counterfeiting), security-proof error (Daira Hopwood).T2016-04-26
T2016-04-26confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2016-04-26
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Fixing Vulnerabilities in the Zcash Protocol (26 Apr 2016) Electric Coin Company · 2016-04-26 · accessed 2026-08-22
2017
4 Dec 2017exploitQuesnelle publishes round-trip linkability result Quesnelle publishes the round-trip linkability result: 31.5% of shielded coins.T2017-12-04
T2017-12-04confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2017-12-04
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Quesnelle — On the linkability of Zcash transactions, arXiv:1712.01210 (4 Dec 2017) arXiv · 2017-12-04 · accessed 2026-08-22
2018
1 Mar 2018exploitAriel Gabizon discovers BCTV14 counterfeiting bug Ariel Gabizon discovers the BCTV14 counterfeiting bug. Kept to four people for 8 months.T2018-03-01
T2018-03-01confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2018-03-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Zcash Counterfeiting Vulnerability Successfully Remediated (5 Feb 2019) Electric Coin Company · 2018-03-01 · accessed 2026-08-22
15-17 Aug 2018a spanexploitKappos et al. USENIX Security 2018 anonymity analysis Kappos et al., USENIX Security 2018 — anonymity set reduced 69.1%; only 0.3% of transactions z→z.T2018-08-15
T2018-08-15confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
18-20 Sep 2018a spanexploitCVE-2018-17144 disclosed in Bitcoin Core CVE-2018-17144 disclosed in Bitcoin Core (inflation + DoS).T2018-09-18
T2018-09-18confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2018-09-18
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Bitcoin Core CVE-2018-17144 disclosure Bitcoin Core · 2018-09-20 · accessed 2026-08-22
13 Nov 2018exploitHorizen and Komodo notified of counterfeiting bug Horizen and Komodo privately notified of the counterfeiting bug, 90-day deadline.T2018-11-13
T2018-11-13confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2018-11-13
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Zcash Counterfeiting Vulnerability Successfully Remediated (5 Feb 2019) Electric Coin Company · 2018-03-01 · accessed 2026-08-22
2019
5 Feb 2019exploitPublic disclosure of CVE-2019-7167 Public disclosure of CVE-2019-7167.T2019-02-05
T2019-02-05confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2019-02-05
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Zcash Counterfeiting Vulnerability Successfully Remediated (5 Feb 2019) Electric Coin Company · 2018-03-01 · accessed 2026-08-22
24 Sep 2019exploitzcashd fixes CVE-2019-16930 and CVE-2019-17048 zcashd 2.0.7-3 fixes CVE-2019-16930 (REJECT) and CVE-2019-17048 (PING) — Tramèr, Boneh, Paterson.T2019-09-24
T2019-09-24confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2019-09-24
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — New Release: 2.0.7-3 (24 Sep 2019) Electric Coin Company · 2019-09-24 · accessed 2026-08-22
2020
28 Jul 2020exploitzcashd v3.1.0 ships with fChecked bug zcashd v3.1.0 ships — introducing the fChecked bug that silently disabled Sprout proof verification for the next 5.7 years.T2020-07-28
T2020-07-28confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2020-07-28
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZODL — Zcashd Sprout Verification Vulnerability (31 Mar 2026) ZODL · 2026-05-29 · accessed 2026-08-22
2021
13 Jul 2021exploitViewing-key leak in Nighthawk and ECC iOS wallets via memo "Reply-To" Viewing-key leak in Nighthawk and ECC iOS wallets via memo "Reply-To"T2021-07-13
T2021-07-13confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2021-07-13
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Privacy-leak bug in Nighthawk and ECC wallets (13 Jul 2021) Electric Coin Company · 2021-07-13 · accessed 2026-08-22
2022
mid-Jun 2022exploitSandblasting begins (~2 weeks after NU5) Sandblasting begins (~2 weeks after NU5)T2022-06-15
T2022-06-15confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2022-06-15
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Sandblasting Retrospective (ZCG arboretum notes) GitHub · 2022-05-31 · accessed 2026-08-22
Oct 2022month onlyexploitChain size ~30 GB → >100 GB; attack costs ~$10/day Chain size ~30 GB → >100 GB; attack costs ~$10/dayT2022-10-01
T2022-10-01confidence: medverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2022-10-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. Protos — Zcash chain triples in size thanks to $10-a-day spam attack Protos · accessed 2026-08-22
2023
15 Sep 2023exploit / marketViaBTC hashrate dominance prompts Coinbase to restrict ZEC ViaBTC controls 53% of Zcash hashrate. Coinbase raises confirmations 40 → 110 and moves ZEC to limit-onlyT2023-09-15
T2023-09-15confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2023-09-15
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. crypto.news — Coinbase limits Zcash trading (ViaBTC) crypto.news · accessed 2026-08-22
Nov 2023month onlyexploitSandblast transactions stop entering the mempool Sandblast transactions stop entering the mempoolT2023-11-01
T2023-11-01confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2023-11-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Sandblasting Retrospective (ZCG arboretum notes) GitHub · 2022-05-31 · accessed 2026-08-22
2024
2025
15-16 Nov 2025a spanexploit / regulatoryLedger drops v1 tx support; pre-2018 ZEC unspendable on Ledger Ledger drops v1 tx support; pre-2018 ZEC unspendable on LedgerT2025-11-15
T2025-11-15confidence: medverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2025-11-15
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. The Defiant — Ledger draws heat as pre-2018 Zcash holders face dropped support The Defiant · accessed 2026-08-22
2026
23-31 Mar 2026a spanexploitSprout proof-verification bypass disclosed and fixed Sprout proof-verification bypass disclosed and fixed (zcashd v6.12.0). ~25,424 ZEC (~$6.5 M) exposed; 5.7-year windowT2026-03-23
T2026-03-23confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2026-03-23
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZODL — Zcashd Sprout Verification Vulnerability (31 Mar 2026) ZODL · 2026-05-29 · accessed 2026-08-22
27 Mar 2026exploitFirst Zebra security advisories published (GHSA-qp6f-w4r3-h8wg Critical; GHSA-3vmh-33xr-9cqh / CVE-2026-34377) First Zebra security advisories published (GHSA-qp6f-w4r3-h8wg Critical; GHSA-3vmh-33xr-9cqh / CVE-2026-34377)T2026-03-27
T2026-03-27confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2026-03-27
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZcashFoundation/zebra advisories (pages 1–5) GitHub · 2026-08-22 · accessed 2026-08-22
4-17 Apr 2026a spanexploitFour-bug disclosure by Alex "Scalar" Sol — including the turnstile accounting bypass Four-bug disclosure by Alex "Scalar" Sol — including the turnstile accounting bypassT2026-04-04
T2026-04-04confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2026-04-04
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZODL — Several Zcash Vulnerabilities Remediated (Apr 2026) ZODL · accessed 2026-08-22
2-8 May 2026a spanexploitAdvisory wave: Zebra Criticals (CVE-2026-44497 etc.); zcashd Critical use-after-free (CVE-2024-52911 parity) Advisory wave: Zebra Criticals (CVE-2026-44497 etc.); zcashd Critical use-after-free (CVE-2024-52911 parity)T2026-05-02
T2026-05-02confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2026-05-02
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZcashFoundation/zebra advisories (pages 1–5) GitHub · 2026-08-22 · accessed 2026-08-22
29 May 2026, 23:53exploitTaylor Hornby finds the Orchard soundness bug Taylor Hornby finds the Orchard soundness bug — one day after the model's releaseT2026-05-29
T2026-05-29confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2026-05-29
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZODL — Orchard Vulnerability Successfully Remediated (2 Jun 2026) ZODL · 2026-05-29 · accessed 2026-08-22
1-2 Jun 2026a spanexploit / protocolEmergency soft fork at block 3,363,426 disables Orchard Emergency soft fork at block 3,363,426 disables OrchardT2026-06-01
T2026-06-01confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2026-06-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZF — Zebra 4.5.3 and 5.0.0: Emergency Soft Fork and NU6.2 Activation Zcash Foundation · 2026-06-02 · accessed 2026-08-22
4 Jun 2026exploit / marketOrchard bug disclosed publicly; ZEC falls 31% Public disclosure (Zooko Wilcox, Jason McGee, Taylor Hornby). ZEC −31% in 24 h to $409.64; peak $624 → $309 by 5 Jun (−50% in <48 h)T2026-06-04
T2026-06-04confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 2 sources
claim
T2026-06-04
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. The Block — Zcash vulnerability, ZEC drops 31% (4 Jun 2026) The Block · 2026-06-04 · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. BitMEX Blog — Why Zcash Crashed Nearly 50% in 48 Hours bitmex.com · accessed 2026-08-22
15 Jun 2026exploit / marketCVE-2026-54496 published; Anthropic's Mythos audit clears Zcash GHSA-ww9q-8r59-xv46 / CVE-2026-54496 published (CVSS 9.3). Same day: Zooko announces Anthropic's "Mythos" whole-protocol audit found no further serious bugs; ZEC +25–30%T2026-06-15
T2026-06-15confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 2 sources
claim
T2026-06-15
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. GHSA-ww9q-8r59-xv46 / CVE-2026-54496 (Orchard soundness, CVSS 9.3) GitHub · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. Crypto Briefing — Zcash jumps 25% as Anthropic Mythos audit finds no critical flaws (15 Jun 2026) Crypto Briefing · 2026-06-15 · accessed 2026-08-22
13-19 Jul 2026a spanexploitzcashd advisory backfill, including GHSA-ghc3-g8w4-whf9 (Critical) for the Orchard soundness failure zcashd advisory backfill, including GHSA-ghc3-g8w4-whf9 (Critical) for the Orchard soundness failureT2026-07-13
T2026-07-13confidence: highverified 2026-08-22cite - 1 source
claim
T2026-07-13
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. zcash/zcash security disclosures GitHub · accessed 2026-08-22
The working
How the record is dated36 of 124 rows are coarser than a day

Every row prints the corpus's own rendering of its date, never a formatted sort key. The sort key exists to order the spine; a row the sources date only to a month says so beside the date instead of borrowing a day from it. A site whose argument is that a claim may not assert more than its evidence carries cannot open by asserting a day it does not have.

day
88 rows - no qualifier printed
month
15 rows - marked month only beside the date
year
6 rows - marked year only beside the date
range
15 rows - marked a span beside the date
How the strand filter counts29 of 124 rows carry a second strand

Each chip counts, and the filter matches, a row's PRIMARY strand only. 29 of the 124 rows carry a second strand as well - they print both, as launch / market - and no chip counts the second one. It bites hardest on the claim at the top of this page: the governance chip shows the 16 rows the corpus FILES under governance, and not these 4, which carry it second.

  • T2019-11-10 ZIP 1014 created establishing dev fund model - filed under funding
  • T2020-07-31 Josh Cincinnati resigns as ZF Executive Director - filed under leadership
  • T2025-02-19 ZIP 1016 and ZIP 271 create new funding models - filed under funding
  • T2026-03-09 ZODL raises $25M seed round - filed under funding

Two behaviours below that are deliberate. Year numerals are never hidden, so a strand's silent years stay visible - filtering to leadership and finding a year empty is information. And the chips are real links: the server sets the hidden rows from the category parameter, so a filtered view works with JavaScript switched off and can be copied out of the address bar.