02 RECORD — 2013 to 2026 - one spine - filter by strand

From Zerocash to the ETF

Launch, funding, governance, leadership, exploits, upgrades, market and the promotion network on one axis. The governance strand alone runs Founders' Reward to ZIP 1014 to ZIP 1015 to ZIP 1016 to the January 2026 walkout to a VC-funded lab whose engineers accounted for roughly 82 per cent of merged protocol and wallet repository changes in Ironwood. Dates are printed as the record states them: a row the sources date only to a month says so rather than borrowing a day from its sort key.

shielded share of supply — 2018 to 2026

Shielded share of ZEC supply, 2018 to 2026
Shielded share of ZEC supply, by reading date
DateShare of supplySource note
Aug 20183.6 per centKappos et al.'s own measurement, in the paper that also found 0.3 per cent of transactions fully private
Aug 20217.4 per centZECStats' five-years-ago baseline
Early 20248 per cent-
Aug 20249 per centForbes gives it as about 9 per cent, 1.48M of 16.3M ZEC
Start of 202511 per cent-
Oct 202518 per cent-
Nov 202523 per cent-
May 202630 per centthe peak, about 5M ZEC, and the only time the shielded share has reached 30 per cent
2026-08-22 (block 3,456,227)26 to 26.8 per centCipherScan at block 3,456,227 gives 26.0 percent shielded; ZECStats reads 26.8 percent. Cite the range, roughly 26 to 27 percent. Coin Metrics adds that the growth was driven primarily by shielding and deshielding activity, and that fully shielded transfers remain a small share.

Nine and a half years after mainnet, the shielded share peaked at 30 per cent and fell back. The final reading is a band because its two sources disagree: CipherScan reads 26 per cent and ZECStats 26.8 per cent on the same day. The decline from the May 2026 peak spans the Orchard disclosure and the forced Ironwood migration; the corpus flags the fall and declines to attribute a cause, and so does this chart.

shielded-sharecite
claim
shielded-share
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. Kappos, Yousaf, Maller, Meiklejohn — An Empirical Analysis of Anonymity in Zcash, USENIX Security 2018 USENIX · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. ZEC Stats (zecstats.com) ZEC Stats · accessed 2026-08-22
  3. crypto.news — Why 30% of Zcash supply is in the shielded pool (29 May 2026) crypto.news · 2026-05-29 · accessed 2026-08-22
  4. Forbes — How Satoshi Collaborator Zooko Wilcox Aims to Revive His Zombie Blockchain (8 Aug 2024) Forbes · 2025-03-12 · accessed 2026-08-22
  5. Coin Metrics, State of the Network #338 Coin Metrics · 2025-11-08 · accessed 2026-08-22
  6. CipherScan — Ironwood migration tracker CipherScan · 2026-08-22 · accessed 2026-08-22
  7. CoinGecko — Zcash CoinGecko · accessed 2026-08-22
  8. Coinglass ZEC derivatives coinglass.com · accessed 2026-08-22
C8
C8cite
claim
C8
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. The Block — Zcash developers quit, form new company (7 Jan 2026) The Block · 2026-01-07 · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. CoinDesk — ZODL raises $25M (9 Mar 2026) CoinDesk · 2026-03-09 · accessed 2026-08-22
  3. Draft ecc-zbloc (Obsolete) Zcash Improvement Proposals · accessed 2026-08-22
the 82 per cent figure, its scope and its confidence

124 dated entries, 9 strands. Showing all of them.

all124exploit24governance16funding9leadership8protocol22market12regulatory8network20launch5
2013
2013year onlylaunchZerocoin protocol by Johns Hopkins researchers Zerocoin protocol — Matthew Green, Ian Miers, Christina Garman (Johns Hopkins).T2013-01-01
T2013-01-01cite
claim
T2013-01-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Wikipedia — Zcash Wikipedia · accessed 2026-08-22
2014
May 2014month onlylaunchZerocash peer-reviewed paper published at IEEE S&P Zerocash: Decentralized Anonymous Payments from Bitcoin — Ben-Sasson, Chiesa, Garman, Green, Miers, Tromer, Virza — IEEE S&P (Oakland) 2014.T2014-05-01
T2014-05-01cite
claim
T2014-05-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Ben-Sasson, Chiesa, Garman, Green, Miers, Tromer, Virza — Zerocash, IEEE S&P 2014 zerocash-project.org · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. eprint 2014/349 IACR ePrint · accessed 2026-08-22
2015
2015year onlylaunchZerocoin Electric Coin Company founded Zerocoin Electric Coin Company founded; Zooko Wilcox CEO.T2015-01-01
T2015-01-01cite
claim
T2015-01-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Wikipedia — Zcash Wikipedia · accessed 2026-08-22
2016
26 Apr 2016exploitECC discloses three pre-launch protocol vulnerabilities ECC discloses three pre-launch protocol vulnerabilities: Faerie Gold (Zooko Wilcox), InternalH Collision (Taylor Hornby, critical — would have allowed counterfeiting), security-proof error (Daira Hopwood).T2016-04-26
T2016-04-26cite
claim
T2016-04-26
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Fixing Vulnerabilities in the Zcash Protocol (26 Apr 2016) Electric Coin Company · 2016-04-26 · accessed 2026-08-22
23 Sep 2016funding2 million dollars raised from 17 investors 2 M raised from 17 investors; company valued at 32 M post; effective ~15.24/coin. Investors named: Aaron Grieshaber, Branson Bollinger, Maple Ventures (Amir Chetrit, Steven Nerayoff), Brian Cartmell, Vlad Zamfir, Roger Ver, Digital Currency Group / Barry Silbert, Charles Songhurst, Fenbushi, ShapeShift / Erik Voorhees, David Lee Kuo Chuen, Fred Ehrsam, Sebastian Serrano, Li Xiaolai. Founders' Reward published: of 10% of the monetary base — founders/employees/advisors 5.72%, investors 1.65%, Zcash Company strategic reserve 1.19%, Zcash Foundation 1.44%.T2016-09-23
T2016-09-23cite
claim
T2016-09-23
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Continued Funding and Transparency (23 Sep 2016) Electric Coin Company · 2016-09-23 · accessed 2026-08-22
23 Oct 2016launchThe Ceremony — Sprout parameter generation MPC The Ceremony — Sprout parameter generation MPC, six participants, six locations.T2016-10-23
T2016-10-23cite
claim
T2016-10-23
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — The Design of the Ceremony Electric Coin Company · accessed 2026-08-22
28 Oct 2016launch / marketMainnet launch with extreme price volatility Mainnet launch. Slow-start mining. Poloniex prints 1 ZEC ≈ 3,300 BTC (>2 M) intraday, then 48 BTC the same day; BitMEX futures hit 10 BTC (6,864). CoinGecko records the all-time high of 3,191.93 on this date.T2016-10-28
T2016-10-28cite
claim
T2016-10-28
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. CoinDesk — Bitcoin Prices Roar Past $700 But Zcash Steals the Show (29 Oct 2016) CoinDesk · 2016-10-29 · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. CoinGecko — Zcash CoinGecko · accessed 2026-08-22
14 Nov 2016governanceCoinDesk publishes critique of Zcash security theater CoinDesk publishes Zcash and the Art of Security Theater — Greg Slepak's critique; Peter Todd's you're trusting me and five other participants not to collude.T2016-11-14
T2016-11-14cite
claim
T2016-11-14
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. CoinDesk — Zcash and the Art of Security Theater (14 Nov 2016) CoinDesk · 2016-11-14 · accessed 2026-08-22
2017
2017year onlyleadershipJosh Cincinnati becomes ZF Executive Director Josh Cincinnati becomes ZF's first Executive Director (served ~3 years).T2017-01-01
T2017-01-01cite
claim
T2017-01-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. Zcash Community Forum — Josh Cincinnati leaving the Zcash Foundation (31 Jul 2020) Zcash Community Forum · 2020-07-31 · accessed 2026-08-22
2017year onlymarketJPMorgan integrates Zcash ZKP tech into Quorum JPMorgan integrates Zcash ZKP tech into Quorum.T2017-01-01-2
T2017-01-01-2cite
claim
T2017-01-01-2
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. Wikipedia — Zcash Wikipedia · accessed 2026-08-22
14 Feb 2017governanceZcash Foundation incorporated in Delaware Zcash Foundation incorporated in Delaware (announced 7 Mar 2017). Bootstrap board: Andrew Miller (chair/treasurer), Peter Van Valkenburgh (secretary), Matthew Green, Naval Ravikant.T2017-02-14
T2017-02-14cite
claim
T2017-02-14
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZF — First Announcement from the Zcash Foundation (7 Mar 2017) Zcash Foundation · 2017-03-07 · accessed 2026-08-22
4 Dec 2017exploitQuesnelle publishes round-trip linkability result Quesnelle publishes the round-trip linkability result: 31.5% of shielded coins.T2017-12-04
T2017-12-04cite
claim
T2017-12-04
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Quesnelle — On the linkability of Zcash transactions, arXiv:1712.01210 (4 Dec 2017) arXiv · 2017-12-04 · accessed 2026-08-22
2018
1 Mar 2018exploitAriel Gabizon discovers BCTV14 counterfeiting bug Ariel Gabizon discovers the BCTV14 counterfeiting bug. Kept to four people for 8 months.T2018-03-01
T2018-03-01cite
claim
T2018-03-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Zcash Counterfeiting Vulnerability Successfully Remediated (5 Feb 2019) Electric Coin Company · 2018-03-01 · accessed 2026-08-22
27 Mar 2018governanceECC announces 2018 audit programme ECC announces the 2018 audit programme (NCC Group, Coinspect, Least Authority, Kudelski, Mary Maller) — 26 days after the counterfeiting bug was found and withheld.T2018-03-27
T2018-03-27cite
claim
T2018-03-27
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — 2018 Zcash Security Audit Details (27 Mar 2018) Electric Coin Company · 2018-03-27 · accessed 2026-08-22
Apr-Jun 2018a spanregulatoryJapan FSA pressure causes Coincheck to delist ZEC Japan FSA pressure; Coincheck delists ZEC, XMR, DASH.T2018-04-01
T2018-04-01cite
claim
T2018-04-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. CCN — Coincheck to delist privacy coins CCN · accessed 2026-08-22
13 Apr 2018protocolPowers of Tau ceremony completes for Sapling Powers of Tau ceremony completes — nearly 90 participants — for Sapling parameters.T2018-04-13
T2018-04-13cite
claim
T2018-04-13
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. CoinDesk — Zcash Completes 'Powers of Tau' (13 Apr 2018) CoinDesk · 2018-04-13 · accessed 2026-08-22
May 2018month onlyregulatoryNYDFS approves ZEC trading on Gemini NYDFS approves ZEC trading on Gemini.T2018-05-01
T2018-05-01cite
claim
T2018-05-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. Wikipedia — Zcash Wikipedia · accessed 2026-08-22
26 Jun 2018, 01:37 UTCprotocolOverwinter network upgrade activates Overwinter — block 347,500.block 347,500T2018-06-26
T2018-06-26cite
claim
T2018-06-26
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Zcash: Upgrade Overwinter Zcash · accessed 2026-08-22
1 Jul 2018fundingCoinDesk reports Zooko's Founders' Reward details CoinDesk reports Zooko's Founders' Reward: 2,033 ZEC/month ≈ 3.65 M/yr, 0.9% of total supply; 20% split across Zooko + ZF + Zcash Company + 44 other stakeholders.T2018-07-01
T2018-07-01cite
claim
T2018-07-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. CoinDesk — What Does Crypto Care if Zooko Is a Millionaire? (1 Jul 2018) CoinDesk · 2018-07-01 · accessed 2026-08-22
15-17 Aug 2018a spanexploitKappos et al. USENIX Security 2018 anonymity analysis Kappos et al., USENIX Security 2018 — anonymity set reduced 69.1%; only 0.3% of transactions z→z.T2018-08-15
T2018-08-15cite
claim
T2018-08-15
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Kappos, Yousaf, Maller, Meiklejohn — An Empirical Analysis of Anonymity in Zcash, USENIX Security 2018 USENIX · accessed 2026-08-22
18-20 Sep 2018a spanexploitCVE-2018-17144 disclosed in Bitcoin Core CVE-2018-17144 disclosed in Bitcoin Core (inflation + DoS).T2018-09-18
T2018-09-18cite
claim
T2018-09-18
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Bitcoin Core CVE-2018-17144 disclosure Bitcoin Core · 2018-09-20 · accessed 2026-08-22
28 Oct 2018protocol / exploitSapling activation with silent CVE-2019-7167 fix Sapling — block 419,200. Silently fixes CVE-2019-7167 (Groth16/BLS12-381). Publicly framed as a 90% proving-time / 97% memory improvement.block 419,200T2018-10-28
T2018-10-28cite
claim
T2018-10-28
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Sapling Activation Complete Electric Coin Company · accessed 2026-08-22
13 Nov 2018exploitHorizen and Komodo notified of counterfeiting bug Horizen and Komodo privately notified of the counterfeiting bug, 90-day deadline.T2018-11-13
T2018-11-13cite
claim
T2018-11-13
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Zcash Counterfeiting Vulnerability Successfully Remediated (5 Feb 2019) Electric Coin Company · 2018-03-01 · accessed 2026-08-22
27 Nov 2018protocolZIP 308 created for Sprout to Sapling migration ZIP 308 (Sprout→Sapling migration / turnstile) created — Daira-Emma Hopwood.T2018-11-27
T2018-11-27cite
claim
T2018-11-27
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZIP 308 (Sprout→Sapling migration) Zcash Improvement Proposals · accessed 2026-08-22
2019
2019year onlyprotocolSean Bowe discovers Halo recursive proofs Sean Bowe discovers Halo — recursive proofs without a trusted setup.T2019-01-01
T2019-01-01cite
claim
T2019-01-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Wikipedia — Zcash Wikipedia · accessed 2026-08-22
4 Feb 2019governanceZcash Foundation informed of CVE-2019-7167 Zcash Foundation informed of CVE-2019-7167 — one day before the public.T2019-02-04
T2019-02-04cite
claim
T2019-02-04
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZF — Concerning the Sprout Vulnerability CVE-2019-7167 Zcash Foundation · accessed 2026-08-22
5 Feb 2019exploitPublic disclosure of CVE-2019-7167 Public disclosure of CVE-2019-7167.T2019-02-05
T2019-02-05cite
claim
T2019-02-05
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Zcash Counterfeiting Vulnerability Successfully Remediated (5 Feb 2019) Electric Coin Company · 2018-03-01 · accessed 2026-08-22
21 Feb 2019governanceZcash Company rebrands to Electric Coin Company Zcash Company rebrands to Electric Coin Company.T2019-02-21
T2019-02-21cite
claim
T2019-02-21
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. Wikipedia — Zcash Wikipedia · accessed 2026-08-22
25 Feb 2019protocolZIP 209 created for chain value pool balances ZIP 209 (prohibit out-of-range chain value pool balances — the turnstile) created — Sean Bowe, Daira-Emma Hopwood. Deployed without a network upgrade (v2.0.4 testnet, v2.0.5 mainnet).T2019-02-25
T2019-02-25cite
claim
T2019-02-25
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZIP 209, Prohibit Out-of-Range Chain Value Pool Balances Zcash Improvement Proposals · accessed 2026-08-22
31 Mar 2019protocolZIP 212 created for improved unlinkability ZIP 212 created — Sean Bowe, Daira-Emma Hopwood. Removes reliance on zk-SNARK soundness for diversified-address unlinkability.T2019-03-31
T2019-03-31cite
claim
T2019-03-31
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZIP 212 (note plaintext / ephemeral secret) Zcash Improvement Proposals · accessed 2026-08-22
20/30 Sep 2019regulatoryUpbit delists ZEC and privacy coins due to FATF Upbit delists ZEC and five other privacy coins (FATF guidance); OKEx Korea earlier that month.T2019-09-20
T2019-09-20cite
claim
T2019-09-20
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. CoinDesk — South Korea's Upbit delists privacy coins (20 Sep 2019) CoinDesk · 2019-09-20 · accessed 2026-08-22
24 Sep 2019exploitzcashd fixes CVE-2019-16930 and CVE-2019-17048 zcashd 2.0.7-3 fixes CVE-2019-16930 (REJECT) and CVE-2019-17048 (PING) — Tramèr, Boneh, Paterson.T2019-09-24
T2019-09-24cite
claim
T2019-09-24
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — New Release: 2.0.7-3 (24 Sep 2019) Electric Coin Company · 2019-09-24 · accessed 2026-08-22
6-7 Nov 2019a spangovernanceECC donates Zcash trademark to Zcash Foundation ECC donates the Zcash trademark to the Zcash Foundation — creating a two-party veto: neither org alone can declare a chain Zcash; both must consent to consensus-changing upgrades or the chain splits and neither side may use the name.T2019-11-06
T2019-11-06cite
claim
T2019-11-06
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Electric Coin Co. donates Zcash trademark to ZF Electric Coin Company · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. CoinDesk — Zcash Trademark Talks Were About More Than a Logo (7 Nov 2019) CoinDesk · 2019-11-07 · accessed 2026-08-22
10 Nov 2019funding / governanceZIP 1014 created establishing dev fund model ZIP 1014 created — Andrew Miller, Zooko Wilcox (original: Eran Tromer). 20% dev fund: 35% Bootstrap/ECC, 25% ZF, 40% Major Grants; four years; ZF board members barred from holding ECC equity (grace period to 1 Nov 2021).T2019-11-10
T2019-11-10cite
claim
T2019-11-10
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZIP 1014 (Dev Fund) Zcash Improvement Proposals · accessed 2026-08-22
11 Dec 2019, 21:51 UTCprotocolBlossom network upgrade activates Blossom — block 653,600.block 653,600T2019-12-11
T2019-12-11cite
claim
T2019-12-11
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Zcash: Upgrade Blossom Zcash · accessed 2026-08-22
2020
2020year onlygovernanceECC becomes wholly owned subsidiary of Bootstrap ECC becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of the Bootstrap Project, a 501(c)(3).T2020-01-01
T2020-01-01cite
claim
T2020-01-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Wikipedia — Zcash Wikipedia · accessed 2026-08-22
16 Jul 2020, 10:56 UTCprotocolHeartwood network upgrade activates Heartwood — block 903,000 (Flyclient ZIP 221, shielded coinbase ZIP 213).block 903,000T2020-07-16
T2020-07-16cite
claim
T2020-07-16
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Zcash: Upgrade Heartwood Zcash · accessed 2026-08-22
28 Jul 2020exploitzcashd v3.1.0 ships with fChecked bug zcashd v3.1.0 ships — introducing the fChecked bug that silently disabled Sprout proof verification for the next 5.7 years.T2020-07-28
T2020-07-28cite
claim
T2020-07-28
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZODL — Zcashd Sprout Verification Vulnerability (31 Mar 2026) ZODL · 2026-05-29 · accessed 2026-08-22
31 Jul 2020leadership / governanceJosh Cincinnati resigns as ZF Executive Director Josh Cincinnati resigns as ZF ED: mutual trust was irreparably lost with ECC leadership; he judged it unlikely that the ECC's top leadership would ever change.T2020-07-31
T2020-07-31cite
claim
T2020-07-31
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Zcash Community Forum — Josh Cincinnati leaving the Zcash Foundation (31 Jul 2020) Zcash Community Forum · 2020-07-31 · accessed 2026-08-22
29 Sep 2020regulatoryGemini enables shielded ZEC withdrawals Gemini enables shielded ZEC withdrawals (Sapling) — claims a first.T2020-09-29
T2020-09-29cite
claim
T2020-09-29
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. The Block — Gemini shielded withdrawals (29 Sep 2020) The Block · 2020-09-29 · accessed 2026-08-22
18 Nov 2020, 12:34 UTCfunding / protocolCanopy upgrade with first halving and dev fund Canopy — block 1,046,400. First halving (6.25 → 3.125 ZEC). Founders' Reward ends; Dev Fund begins: miners 80%, Major Grants 8%, ECC 7%, ZF 5%. ZIP 212 activates.block 1,046,400T2020-11-18
T2020-11-18cite
claim
T2020-11-18
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Zcash: Upgrade Canopy Zcash · accessed 2026-08-22
2021
Early 2021month onlyleadershipJack Gavigan ("Dodger") becomes ZF Executive Director Jack Gavigan ("Dodger") becomes ZF Executive DirectorT2021-01-01
T2021-01-01cite
claim
T2021-01-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZF — Bids Farewell to Jack Gavigan (2 Apr 2025) Zcash Foundation · 2025-04-02 · accessed 2026-08-22
13 Jul 2021exploitViewing-key leak in Nighthawk and ECC iOS wallets via memo "Reply-To" Viewing-key leak in Nighthawk and ECC iOS wallets via memo "Reply-To"T2021-07-13
T2021-07-13cite
claim
T2021-07-13
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Privacy-leak bug in Nighthawk and ECC wallets (13 Jul 2021) Electric Coin Company · 2021-07-13 · accessed 2026-08-22
2022
Apr 2022month onlygovernanceEdward Snowden revealed as "John Dobbertin", the sixth Ceremony participant (Zcash Media) Edward Snowden revealed as "John Dobbertin", the sixth Ceremony participant (Zcash Media)T2022-04-01
T2022-04-01cite
claim
T2022-04-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Wikipedia — Zcash Wikipedia · accessed 2026-08-22
31 May 2022, 17:50:05 UTCprotocol / exploitNU5 activates Orchard and introduces CVE-2026-54496 NU5 — block 1,687,104. Orchard, Halo 2 (no trusted setup), unified addresses. Introduces CVE-2026-54496T2022-05-31
T2022-05-31cite
claim
T2022-05-31
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Zcash: Upgrade NU5 Zcash · accessed 2026-08-22
mid-Jun 2022exploitSandblasting begins (~2 weeks after NU5) Sandblasting begins (~2 weeks after NU5)T2022-06-15
T2022-06-15cite
claim
T2022-06-15
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Sandblasting Retrospective (ZCG arboretum notes) GitHub · 2022-05-31 · accessed 2026-08-22
15 Aug 2022protocolZIP 317 created (proportional fees) ZIP 317 created (proportional fees)T2022-08-15
T2022-08-15cite
claim
T2022-08-15
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZIP 317 (proportional transfer fee) Zcash Improvement Proposals · accessed 2026-08-22
Oct 2022month onlyexploitChain size ~30 GB → >100 GB; attack costs ~$10/day Chain size ~30 GB → >100 GB; attack costs ~$10/dayT2022-10-01
T2022-10-01cite
claim
T2022-10-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. Protos — Zcash chain triples in size thanks to $10-a-day spam attack Protos · accessed 2026-08-22
Dec 2022month onlygovernanceShielded Labs founded by Jason McGee Shielded Labs founded by Jason McGee ("aquietinvestor") as a non-profit Swiss Association — explicitly to "decentralize development away from US-based organizations"T2022-12-01
T2022-12-01cite
claim
T2022-12-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Shielded Labs founding thread Zcash Community Forum · accessed 2026-08-22
2023
Apr 2023month onlyprotocolzcashd v5.5.0 makes ZIP 317 fees the default zcashd v5.5.0 makes ZIP 317 fees the defaultT2023-04-01
T2023-04-01cite
claim
T2023-04-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZIP 317 (proportional transfer fee) Zcash Improvement Proposals · accessed 2026-08-22
31 Aug 2023regulatorySEC opens probe into the Zcash Foundation ("SF-04569") SEC opens probe into the Zcash Foundation ("SF-04569")T2023-08-31
T2023-08-31cite
claim
T2023-08-31
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. crypto.news — SEC ends Zcash Foundation probe crypto.news · accessed 2026-08-22
15 Sep 2023exploit / marketViaBTC hashrate dominance prompts Coinbase to restrict ZEC ViaBTC controls 53% of Zcash hashrate. Coinbase raises confirmations 40 → 110 and moves ZEC to limit-onlyT2023-09-15
T2023-09-15cite
claim
T2023-09-15
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. crypto.news — Coinbase limits Zcash trading (ViaBTC) crypto.news · accessed 2026-08-22
Nov 2023month onlyexploitSandblast transactions stop entering the mempool Sandblast transactions stop entering the mempoolT2023-11-01
T2023-11-01cite
claim
T2023-11-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Sandblasting Retrospective (ZCG arboretum notes) GitHub · 2022-05-31 · accessed 2026-08-22
18 Dec 2023leadershipZooko steps down as ECC CEO; Swihart succeeds him Zooko Wilcox steps down as ECC CEO after 8 years; Josh Swihart (previously SVP Growth) becomes CEO. Zooko remains a Bootstrap director. "Zcash took over not only my life but also my identity."T2023-12-18
T2023-12-18cite
claim
T2023-12-18
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. The Block — Zooko steps down as ECC CEO (18 Dec 2023) The Block · 2023-12-18 · accessed 2026-08-22
2024
12 Jan 2024regulatoryBinance tags ZEC; Zcash proposes TEX addresses Binance monitoring tag; Zcash proposes TEX / Traceable Unified Addresses to avoid delistingT2024-01-12
T2024-01-12cite
claim
T2024-01-12
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. DL News — How Firo and Zcash dodged Binance delisting DL News · accessed 2026-08-22
28 Mar 2024protocolZashi wallet launches (iOS; Android late April) Zashi wallet launches (iOS; Android late April)T2024-03-28
T2024-03-28cite
claim
T2024-03-28
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Meet Zashi (28 Mar 2024) Electric Coin Company · 2024-03-28 · accessed 2026-08-22
4 Jul 2024marketZEC all-time low: $16.08 ZEC all-time low: $16.08T2024-07-04
T2024-07-04cite
claim
T2024-07-04
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. CoinGecko — Zcash CoinGecko · accessed 2026-08-22
5 Jul 2024leadershipZooko departs as Bootstrap Executive Director and resigns from the Bootstrap board Zooko departs as Bootstrap Executive Director and resigns from the Bootstrap boardT2024-07-05
T2024-07-05cite
claim
T2024-07-05
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Zooko and a new focus (5 Jul 2024) Electric Coin Company · 2024-07-05 · accessed 2026-08-22
8 Aug 2024market / fundingForbes calls Zcash a zombie blockchain Forbes: "zombie blockchain" — 3 tx/min, $14,367 total fee revenue in 2023, market cap under $500 M (from $3.5 B peak), only 9% of supply shielded; ECC treasury ~$9.2 M; ZF treasury ~$9.2 M; Zooko drew ~$5 M/yr 2016–2020T2024-08-08
T2024-08-08cite
claim
T2024-08-08
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. Forbes — How Satoshi Collaborator Zooko Wilcox Aims to Revive His Zombie Blockchain (8 Aug 2024) Forbes · 2025-03-12 · accessed 2026-08-22
26 Aug 2024fundingZIP 1015 creates the lockbox and ZCG split ZIP 1015 created — Jason McGee, @Peacemonger, Kris Nuttycombe. 12% lockbox + 8% ZCGT2024-08-26
T2024-08-26cite
claim
T2024-08-26
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZIP 1015, Block Subsidy Allocation for Non-Direct Development Funding Zcash Improvement Proposals · accessed 2026-08-22
3 Oct 2024leadershipSean Bowe departs ECC to do independent Zcash research Sean Bowe departs ECC to do independent Zcash researchT2024-10-03
T2024-10-03cite
claim
T2024-10-03
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Zcash Community Forum — I'm departing ECC (Sean Bowe, 3 Oct 2024) Zcash Community Forum · 2024-10-03 · accessed 2026-08-22
23 Nov 2024, 11:02:59 UTCfunding / protocolNU6 activates the second halving and the lockbox NU6 — block 2,726,400. Second halving (3.125 → 1.5625 ZEC). ECC's and ZF's direct funding streams end; 12% to a lockbox with no agreed disbursement mechanism, 8% to ZCG. Swihart: "Our wallet address will no longer be codified in the protocol"T2024-11-23
T2024-11-23cite
claim
T2024-11-23
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Zcash: Upgrade NU6 Zcash · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. ECC — Zcash Halvening & NU6 (23 Nov 2024) Electric Coin Company · 2024-11-23 · accessed 2026-08-22
2025
28 Jan 2025governanceDraft `ecc-zbloc` "Zcash Governance Bloc" — Josh Swihart, Daira-Emma Hopwood. Status: Obsolete Draft `ecc-zbloc` "Zcash Governance Bloc" — Josh Swihart, Daira-Emma Hopwood. Status: ObsoleteT2025-01-28
T2025-01-28cite
claim
T2025-01-28
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Draft ecc-zbloc (Obsolete) Zcash Improvement Proposals · accessed 2026-08-22
19 Feb 2025funding / governanceZIP 1016 and ZIP 271 create new funding models ZIP 1016 (Community & Coinholder Funding Model — Josh Swihart owner) and ZIP 271 (dev-fund extension + one-time 78,750 ZEC disbursement to a 2-of-3 multisig held by ZF, ECC and Shielded Labs) createdT2025-02-19
T2025-02-19cite
claim
T2025-02-19
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZIP 1016, Community and Coinholder Funding Model Zcash Improvement Proposals · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. ZIP 271 (dev fund extension + 78,750 ZEC disbursement) Zcash Improvement Proposals · accessed 2026-08-22
4 Mar 2025leadershipJack Gavigan steps down as ZF ED Jack Gavigan steps down as ZF ED after four years; Alex Bornstein interimT2025-03-04
T2025-03-04cite
claim
T2025-03-04
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZF — Changing of the Guard (4 Mar 2025) Zcash Foundation · 2025-03-04 · accessed 2026-08-22
Apr 2025month onlyprotocolProject Tachyon launched by Sean Bowe — oblivious synchronisation, scalability Project Tachyon launched by Sean Bowe — oblivious synchronisation, scalabilityT2025-04-01
T2025-04-01cite
claim
T2025-04-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. Sean Bowe, Tachyon: Scaling Zcash with Oblivious Synchronization Sean Bowe · accessed 2026-08-22
22 May 2025marketECC publishes "The Privacy Illusion: What Crypto Gets Wrong" ECC publishes "The Privacy Illusion: What Crypto Gets Wrong"T2025-05-22
T2025-05-22cite
claim
T2025-05-22
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — The Privacy Illusion (22 May 2025) Electric Coin Company · 2025-05-02 · accessed 2026-08-22
Aug 2025month onlymarketZEC cycle low ~$35 ZEC cycle low ~$35T2025-08-01
T2025-08-01cite
claim
T2025-08-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
low
  1. BitMEX Blog — Why Zcash Crashed Nearly 50% in 48 Hours bitmex.com · accessed 2026-08-22
~1 Oct 2025networkNaval Ravikant calls ZEC insurance against Bitcoin Naval Ravikant (2015 Zerocoin Electric Coin Company co-investor, founding Zcash Foundation board member) calls ZEC "insurance against Bitcoin" while posting a chart of ZEC rising $49→$68. Protos notes ZEC actually correlates positively with BTC and had underperformed it over the full history.T2025-10-01
T2025-10-01cite
claim
T2025-10-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. Zcash vs Bitcoin Debate Exposes Naval Ravikants Conflicts of Interest Protos · accessed 2026-08-22
18 Oct 2025networkCoinbase Institutional publishes hedged ZEC research Coinbase Institutional research ("Zcash: Demand for Privacy", Colin Basco) is notably hedged: "the path from here is mostly a function of how BTC trades." Coinbase lists ZEC, Coinbase Custody holds the Grayscale trust's ZEC, and Coinbase Ventures invested in ZODL — none of which is disclosed in the report.T2025-10-18
T2025-10-18cite
claim
T2025-10-18
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Coinbase Institutional coinbase.com · accessed 2026-08-22
24-26 Oct 2025a spannetwork / marketMumtaz 'fastest horse' and Hayes '$10k ZEC'; price +30% Mert Mumtaz (Helius CEO) calls Zcash "the fastest horse" for privacy (24 Oct, CoinDesk podcast), never disclosing a ZEC position. Arthur Hayes posts a $10,000 ZEC price target on X (~26 Oct). ZEC rises +30% in 24h ($272→$355) on the call.T2025-10-24
T2025-10-24cite
claim
T2025-10-24
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. CoinDesk podcast CoinDesk · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. Arthur Hayes 10 000 ZEC Yahoo Finance · accessed 2026-08-22
  3. ZEC Surges 30percent After Arthur Hayes Predicts Dollar10000 Target CoinMarketCap · accessed 2026-08-22
1 Nov 2025leadershipAlex Bornstein appointed permanent ZF Executive Director Alex Bornstein appointed permanent ZF Executive DirectorT2025-11-01
T2025-11-01cite
claim
T2025-11-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZF — Board Appoints Alex Bornstein as ED (1 Nov 2025) Zcash Foundation · 2025-11-01 · accessed 2026-08-22
Nov 2025month onlyfunding / protocolNU6.1 activates ZIP 271 and ZIP 1016 funding NU6.1 — mainnet block 3,146,400 (ZIP 255). Activates ZIP 271 (78,750 ZEC disbursement) and ZIP 1016 (8% ZCG / 12% coinholder-controlled, to the third halving at block 4,406,400). ⚠️ exact activation date unverifiedT2025-11-01-2
T2025-11-01-2cite
claim
T2025-11-01-2
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZIP 255, Deployment of the NU6.1 Network Upgrade (Mainnet activation height 3,146,400) Zcash Improvement Proposals · 2024-11-23 · accessed 2026-08-22
Nov 2025month onlymarketZEC cycle high ~$723 ZEC cycle high ~$723T2025-11-01-3
T2025-11-01-3cite
claim
T2025-11-01-3
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
low
  1. BitMEX Blog — Why Zcash Crashed Nearly 50% in 48 Hours bitmex.com · accessed 2026-08-22
3 Nov 2025networkCoinDesk Research runs Zcash report sponsored by GenZcash CoinDesk Research publishes "Inside Zcash: Encrypted Money at Planetary Scale" (updated 7 Nov), disclosed at the top as sponsored by "GenZcash" — an entity whose identity could not be established. It ran three days before ZEC broke $530 and supplied the "encrypted money at planetary scale" framing later reused in a Messari report title.T2025-11-03
T2025-11-03cite
claim
T2025-11-03
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. coindesk.com/research/inside-zcash-encrypted-money-at-planetary-scale CoinDesk · accessed 2026-08-22
4 Nov 2025networkGalaxy Digital frames ZEC as Bitcoin's spiritual successor Galaxy Digital research (Will Owens) frames Zcash's advocates as calling it "encrypted Bitcoin," a "spiritual successor" to Bitcoin; no Galaxy ZEC position is disclosed in the coverage.T2025-11-04
T2025-11-04cite
claim
T2025-11-04
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Zcash Surging Cypherpunk Principles Bitcoin Galaxy Digital Decrypt · accessed 2026-08-22
6 Nov 2025networkSilbert entities file Rule 144 notices on Zcash Trust shares Two Rule 144 notices, read directly from SEC EDGAR. Silbert Family Investments LLC filed on 5 Nov 2025 to sell 9,753 Grayscale Zcash Trust shares for $407,312.59, and Barry E. Silbert filed on 6 Nov to sell 1,000 shares for $47,250.00; both sales were on OTCQX. They sit inside a run of 148 Form 144 filings by DCG and Silbert entities between 24 Jan 2024 and 6 Nov 2025, clustered in consecutive-day runs that read as a programmatic disposal schedule.T2025-11-06
T2025-11-06cite
claim
T2025-11-06
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Form 144, Silbert Family Investments LLC (2025-11-05) SEC EDGAR · 2025-11-05 · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. Form 144, Barry E. Silbert (2025-11-06) SEC EDGAR · 2025-11-06 · accessed 2026-08-22
  3. Coin Republic thecoinrepublic.com · 2025-11-06 · accessed 2026-08-22
10 Nov 2025regulatoryGemini enables Orchard shielded withdrawals Gemini enables Orchard shielded withdrawalsT2025-11-10
T2025-11-10cite
claim
T2025-11-10
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ECC — Gemini Sets the Standard (10 Nov 2025) Electric Coin Company · 2025-11-10 · accessed 2026-08-22
12 Nov 2025network / marketCypherpunk Technologies launches with Winklevoss-backed ZEC treasury Cypherpunk Technologies (Winklevoss-backed, Nasdaq: CYPH, formerly Leap Therapeutics) buys 203,775 ZEC for $50 M (~$245/ZEC); launched with a $58.88 M private placement led by Winklevoss CapitalT2025-11-12
T2025-11-12cite
claim
T2025-11-12
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. CoinGecko treasuries CoinGecko · 2026-06-05 · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. PR Newswire — Cypherpunk Taps Zooko as Strategic Advisor (9 Dec 2025) PR Newswire · 2025-12-09 · accessed 2026-08-22
15-16 Nov 2025a spanexploit / regulatoryLedger drops v1 tx support; pre-2018 ZEC unspendable on Ledger Ledger drops v1 tx support; pre-2018 ZEC unspendable on LedgerT2025-11-15
T2025-11-15cite
claim
T2025-11-15
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. The Defiant — Ledger draws heat as pre-2018 Zcash holders face dropped support The Defiant · accessed 2026-08-22
18 Nov 2025network / marketCypherpunk +29,869 ZEC ($18 M) at ~$603 Cypherpunk +29,869 ZEC ($18 M) at ~$603T2025-11-18
T2025-11-18cite
claim
T2025-11-18
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. CoinGecko treasuries CoinGecko · 2026-06-05 · accessed 2026-08-22
26 Nov 2025market / regulatoryGrayscale files to convert the Zcash Trust to an ETF Grayscale files to convert the Zcash Trust to an ETFT2025-11-26
T2025-11-26cite
claim
T2025-11-26
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. Wikipedia — Zcash Wikipedia · accessed 2026-08-22
1 Dec 2025governanceBootstrap announces organisational restructuring — the proximate trigger of the ECC rupture Bootstrap announces organisational restructuring — the proximate trigger of the ECC ruptureT2025-12-01
T2025-12-01cite
claim
T2025-12-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. CCN — Zcash dev drama explained / cashZ pivot CCN · accessed 2026-08-22
9 Dec 2025network / leadershipZooko named strategic advisor to Cypherpunk Zooko Wilcox named strategic advisor to Cypherpunk Technologies; described as Chief Product Officer of Shielded LabsT2025-12-09
T2025-12-09cite
claim
T2025-12-09
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. PR Newswire — Cypherpunk Taps Zooko as Strategic Advisor (9 Dec 2025) PR Newswire · 2025-12-09 · accessed 2026-08-22
19 Dec 2025networkSwihart joins Cypherpunk as paid advisor after Zooko Josh Swihart, then CEO of Electric Coin Company, joins Cypherpunk Technologies as a paid strategic advisor — ten days after Zooko Wilcox (Shielded Labs CPO) took the same role on 9 Dec 2025.T2025-12-19
T2025-12-19cite
claim
T2025-12-19
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Investing.com investing.com · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. PR Newswire — Cypherpunk Taps Zooko as Strategic Advisor (9 Dec 2025) PR Newswire · 2025-12-09 · accessed 2026-08-22
30 Dec 2025network / marketCypherpunk +56,418 ZEC ($29 M) at ~$514 Cypherpunk +56,418 ZEC ($29 M) at ~$514T2025-12-30
T2025-12-30cite
claim
T2025-12-30
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. CoinGecko treasuries CoinGecko · 2026-06-05 · accessed 2026-08-22
2026
7-8 Jan 2026a spangovernance / leadershipEntire ECC engineering team resigns in "the rupture" THE RUPTURE. The entire ECC engineering and product team resigns. Swihart: "the entire ECC team left after being constructively discharged"; names the Bootstrap board majority — Zaki Manian, Christina Garman, Alan Fairless, Michelle Lai — and calls it "malicious governance." Bootstrap replies that the dispute is about "compliance and fiduciary duty, not Zcash's mission" and protecting "mission-owned assets from private capture." ZEC −14% to −20%T2026-01-07
T2026-01-07cite
claim
T2026-01-07
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. The Block — Zcash developers quit, form new company (7 Jan 2026) The Block · 2026-01-07 · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. CoinDesk — Zcash developer team quits after governance clash (8 Jan 2026) CoinDesk · 2026-01-08 · accessed 2026-08-22
  3. crypto.news — ECC team quits in Bootstrap governance rift crypto.news · accessed 2026-08-22
8 Jan 2026governanceDeparted ECC team regroups as cashZ Team regroups as cashZ (cashz.org), a for-profit startup. Swihart: "We need to scale Zcash to billions of users. Startups can scale, but nonprofits can't."T2026-01-08
T2026-01-08cite
claim
T2026-01-08
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. CCN — Zcash dev drama explained / cashZ pivot CCN · accessed 2026-08-22
15 Jan 2026regulatorySEC closes the Zcash Foundation probe, no enforcement. ZEC +10–14% SEC closes the Zcash Foundation probe, no enforcement. ZEC +10–14%T2026-01-15
T2026-01-15cite
claim
T2026-01-15
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. crypto.news — SEC ends Zcash Foundation probe crypto.news · accessed 2026-08-22
21 Jan 2026networkWinklevoss twins donate 3,221 ZEC to Shielded Labs Tyler and Cameron Winklevoss personally donate 3,221 ZEC (~$1.2M) to Shielded Labs — their second donation — where Zooko Wilcox, a paid Cypherpunk advisor, is Chief Product Officer.T2026-01-21
T2026-01-21cite
claim
T2026-01-21
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Zcash Developer Shielded Labs Gets Donation From Winklevoss Twins DL News · 2026-01-21 · accessed 2026-08-22
26 Jan 2026networkZooko calls 'encrypted Bitcoin' the winning meme Zooko Wilcox tells Bankless: "Zcash being encrypted Bitcoin is the winning meme because it's only two words" — explicitly framing the slogan as a memetic strategy to build consensus for protocol upgrades.T2026-01-26
T2026-01-26cite
claim
T2026-01-26
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Zcash Founder on Privacy Ai and How ZEC Is Encrypted Bitcoin Zooko Bankless · accessed 2026-08-22
29 Jan 2026networkGemini launches Zcash Edition credit card Gemini launches a Zcash Edition credit card paying up to 4% cashback in ZEC; Gemini's ZEC trading volume rises 45% after launch. Gemini is owned by the Winklevosses, who also seeded Cypherpunk Technologies.T2026-01-29
T2026-01-29cite
claim
T2026-01-29
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. CryptoBriefing Crypto Briefing · 2026-01-09 · accessed 2026-08-22
16-17 Feb 2026a spangovernanceZashi wallet rebrands to Zodl Zashi wallet rebrands to ZodlT2026-02-16
T2026-02-16cite
claim
T2026-02-16
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. crypto.news — Zashi rebrands to Zodl crypto.news · accessed 2026-08-22
4 Mar 2026networkNasdaq issues deficiency notice to Cypherpunk Nasdaq issues a deficiency notice to Cypherpunk Technologies (CYPH) after the stock closed below $1.00 for 30 consecutive days; 180-day cure deadline 31 Aug 2026; a reverse split is flagged as an option.T2026-03-04
T2026-03-04cite
claim
T2026-03-04
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. 8-K via StockTitan StockTitan · accessed 2026-08-22
9 Mar 2026funding / governanceZODL raises $25M seed round Zcash Open Development Lab (ZODL) raises $25 M seed — Paradigm, a16z crypto, Winklevoss Capital, Coinbase Ventures, Cypherpunk Technologies, Chapter One, Balaji Srinivasan + angels. Led by Josh SwihartT2026-03-09
T2026-03-09cite
claim
T2026-03-09
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. CoinDesk — ZODL raises $25M (9 Mar 2026) CoinDesk · 2026-03-09 · accessed 2026-08-22
12 Mar 2026network / marketCypherpunk +4,680 ZEC ($2 M) at ~$428 Cypherpunk +4,680 ZEC ($2 M) at ~$428T2026-03-12
T2026-03-12cite
claim
T2026-03-12
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. CoinGecko treasuries CoinGecko · 2026-06-05 · accessed 2026-08-22
23-31 Mar 2026a spanexploitSprout proof-verification bypass disclosed and fixed Sprout proof-verification bypass disclosed and fixed (zcashd v6.12.0). ~25,424 ZEC (~$6.5 M) exposed; 5.7-year windowT2026-03-23
T2026-03-23cite
claim
T2026-03-23
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZODL — Zcashd Sprout Verification Vulnerability (31 Mar 2026) ZODL · 2026-05-29 · accessed 2026-08-22
27 Mar 2026exploitFirst Zebra security advisories published (GHSA-qp6f-w4r3-h8wg Critical; GHSA-3vmh-33xr-9cqh / CVE-2026-34377) First Zebra security advisories published (GHSA-qp6f-w4r3-h8wg Critical; GHSA-3vmh-33xr-9cqh / CVE-2026-34377)T2026-03-27
T2026-03-27cite
claim
T2026-03-27
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZcashFoundation/zebra advisories (pages 1–5) GitHub · 2026-08-22 · accessed 2026-08-22
Apr 2026month onlygovernanceTaylor Hornby hired to review the protocol (contracted via Shielded Labs) Taylor Hornby hired to review the protocol (contracted via Shielded Labs)T2026-04-01
T2026-04-01cite
claim
T2026-04-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. The Block — Zcash vulnerability, ZEC drops 31% (4 Jun 2026) The Block · 2026-06-04 · accessed 2026-08-22
Apr 2026month onlymarketFoundry launches a dedicated Zcash mining pool Foundry launches a dedicated Zcash mining poolT2026-04-01-2
T2026-04-01-2cite
claim
T2026-04-01-2
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. Wikipedia — Zcash Wikipedia · accessed 2026-08-22
4-17 Apr 2026a spanexploitFour-bug disclosure by Alex "Scalar" Sol — including the turnstile accounting bypass Four-bug disclosure by Alex "Scalar" Sol — including the turnstile accounting bypassT2026-04-04
T2026-04-04cite
claim
T2026-04-04
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZODL — Several Zcash Vulnerabilities Remediated (Apr 2026) ZODL · accessed 2026-08-22
May 2026month onlymarketGrayscale files for a spot Zcash ETF Grayscale files for a spot Zcash ETF; ZEC surges past $800 (May peak ~$650–670)T2026-05-01
T2026-05-01cite
claim
T2026-05-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. The First Privacy Coin ETF Inside Grayscales Zcash Filing crypto.news · accessed 2026-08-22
2-8 May 2026a spanexploitAdvisory wave: Zebra Criticals (CVE-2026-44497 etc.); zcashd Critical use-after-free (CVE-2024-52911 parity) Advisory wave: Zebra Criticals (CVE-2026-44497 etc.); zcashd Critical use-after-free (CVE-2024-52911 parity)T2026-05-02
T2026-05-02cite
claim
T2026-05-02
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZcashFoundation/zebra advisories (pages 1–5) GitHub · 2026-08-22 · accessed 2026-08-22
6 May 2026network / marketMulticoin discloses ZEC position; price jumps 30% Multicoin Capital managing partner Tushar Jain discloses a "significant position" in ZEC built since Feb 2026, size undisclosed, framing it as "a return to the cypherpunk ideals crypto was founded on"; ZEC rises >30% on the disclosure.T2026-05-06
T2026-05-06cite
claim
T2026-05-06
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Yahoo/CoinDesk Yahoo Finance · accessed 2026-08-22
28 May 2026protocolAnthropic releases Claude Opus 4.8 Anthropic releases Claude Opus 4.8T2026-05-28
T2026-05-28cite
claim
T2026-05-28
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Zcash Community Forum — The Orchard Counterfeiting Vulnerability—And Next Steps (4 Jun 2026) Zcash Community Forum · 2026-06-04 · accessed 2026-08-22
29 May 2026, 23:53exploitTaylor Hornby finds the Orchard soundness bug Taylor Hornby finds the Orchard soundness bug — one day after the model's releaseT2026-05-29
T2026-05-29cite
claim
T2026-05-29
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZODL — Orchard Vulnerability Successfully Remediated (2 Jun 2026) ZODL · 2026-05-29 · accessed 2026-08-22
1-2 Jun 2026a spanexploit / protocolEmergency soft fork at block 3,363,426 disables Orchard Emergency soft fork at block 3,363,426 disables OrchardT2026-06-01
T2026-06-01cite
claim
T2026-06-01
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZF — Zebra 4.5.3 and 5.0.0: Emergency Soft Fork and NU6.2 Activation Zcash Foundation · 2026-06-02 · accessed 2026-08-22
3 Jun 2026protocolNU6.2 hard fork re-enables Orchard with fixed circuit NU6.2 hard fork at block 3,364,600 — fixed circuit, Orchard re-enabled. zcashd v6.20.0, zebrad v5.0.0T2026-06-03
T2026-06-03cite
claim
T2026-06-03
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Zcash: Upgrade NU6 2 Zcash · accessed 2026-08-22
4 Jun 2026exploit / marketOrchard bug disclosed publicly; ZEC falls 31% Public disclosure (Zooko Wilcox, Jason McGee, Taylor Hornby). ZEC −31% in 24 h to $409.64; peak $624 → $309 by 5 Jun (−50% in <48 h)T2026-06-04
T2026-06-04cite
claim
T2026-06-04
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. The Block — Zcash vulnerability, ZEC drops 31% (4 Jun 2026) The Block · 2026-06-04 · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. BitMEX Blog — Why Zcash Crashed Nearly 50% in 48 Hours bitmex.com · accessed 2026-08-22
4-5 Jun 2026a spanmarketArthur Hayes liquidates his entire ZEC position Arthur Hayes liquidates his entire ZEC position: exploitation could not be "cryptographically proven impossible"T2026-06-04-2
T2026-06-04-2cite
claim
T2026-06-04-2
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. CoinDesk, "Arthur Hayes dumps zcash holdings after Orchard Pool vulnerability revealed" (2026-06-05) CoinDesk · 2026-06-05 · accessed 2026-08-22
5 Jun 2026network / marketCypherpunk reaffirms its 5%-of-supply target Cypherpunk (314,185.70 ZEC, ~1.88% of supply) reaffirms its 5%-of-supply target. Cameron Winklevoss: "Encrypted money with provable correctness is unstoppable."T2026-06-05
T2026-06-05cite
claim
T2026-06-05
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. The Block — Cypherpunk remains committed to 5% (5 Jun 2026) The Block · 2026-06-05 · accessed 2026-08-22
6 Jun 2026protocolIronwood announced — a new shielded pool Ironwood announced — a new shielded poolT2026-06-06
T2026-06-06cite
claim
T2026-06-06
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZODL (zodl.com) ZODL · accessed 2026-08-22
15 Jun 2026exploit / marketCVE-2026-54496 published; Anthropic's Mythos audit clears Zcash GHSA-ww9q-8r59-xv46 / CVE-2026-54496 published (CVSS 9.3). Same day: Zooko announces Anthropic's "Mythos" whole-protocol audit found no further serious bugs; ZEC +25–30%T2026-06-15
T2026-06-15cite
claim
T2026-06-15
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. GHSA-ww9q-8r59-xv46 / CVE-2026-54496 (Orchard soundness, CVSS 9.3) GitHub · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. Crypto Briefing — Zcash jumps 25% as Anthropic Mythos audit finds no critical flaws (15 Jun 2026) Crypto Briefing · 2026-06-15 · accessed 2026-08-22
13-19 Jul 2026a spanexploitzcashd advisory backfill, including GHSA-ghc3-g8w4-whf9 (Critical) for the Orchard soundness failure zcashd advisory backfill, including GHSA-ghc3-g8w4-whf9 (Critical) for the Orchard soundness failureT2026-07-13
T2026-07-13cite
claim
T2026-07-13
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. zcash/zcash security disclosures GitHub · accessed 2026-08-22
16 Jul 2026protocolZF announces Zakura, a second full node built from the Zebra codebase ZF announces Zakura, a second full node built from the Zebra codebaseT2026-07-16
T2026-07-16cite
claim
T2026-07-16
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. ZF blog index Zcash Foundation · accessed 2026-08-22
18 Jul 2026, 22:51:43 UTCprotocolzcashd reaches end of life, shuts down permanently zcashd end of life at block 3,417,100 — automatic permanent shutdown; cannot restartT2026-07-18
T2026-07-18cite
claim
T2026-07-18
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. z.cash — zcashd deprecation / EOL Zcash · accessed 2026-08-22
19 Jul 2026protocol`zcash/zcash` repository archived (read-only) `zcash/zcash` repository archived (read-only)T2026-07-19
T2026-07-19cite
claim
T2026-07-19
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. GitHub: Zcash Zcash Security Advisories GitHub · accessed 2026-08-22
28 Jul 2026, 13:00 UTCprotocolNU6.3 Ironwood launches a new shielded pool NU6.3 "Ironwood" — block 3,428,143. New formally verified (Lean) shielded pool; v6 tx format (ZIP 229); quantum recoverability (ZIP 2005); Orchard restricted to withdrawals only (ZIP 2006), creating the supply-verification turnstileT2026-07-28
T2026-07-28cite
claim
T2026-07-28
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. ZIP 258, Deployment of the NU6.3 Network Upgrade Zcash Improvement Proposals · 2026-07-28 · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. The Block — Zcash activates Ironwood (28 Jul 2026) The Block · 2026-07-28 · accessed 2026-08-22
29 Jul 2026protocol / marketIronwood's first-day migration moves 176,000 ZEC First-day migration: ~176,000 ZEC (~$81 M) into Ironwood, ~5% of Orchard's 3.66 M ZEC. Swihart: "Orchard was fixed in 5 days and replaced in 60." Sean Bowe: "a cross-team collaboration has just changed Zcash's history."T2026-07-29
T2026-07-29cite
claim
T2026-07-29
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. CoinDesk — ~$80M ZEC crosses into Ironwood on day one (29 Jul 2026) CoinDesk · 2026-07-29 · accessed 2026-08-22
12 Aug 2026networkCypherpunk reports Q2 results, adds Dev Ojha as advisor Cypherpunk Q2 2026 results: net income $39.4M ($0.18 diluted EPS) on a $46.0M unrealised ZEC gain; holdings 323,394.38 ZEC at $341.83 weighted-average cost; adds advisor Dev Ojha (Valar Group).T2026-08-12
T2026-08-12cite
claim
T2026-08-12
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. Cypherpunk Technologies Reports Second Quarter 2026 Financial Results PR Newswire · accessed 2026-08-22
14 Aug 2026governanceMcGee proposes doubling Hornby's bug bounty to $1.5M Jason McGee (Shielded Labs founder) proposes doubling Taylor Hornby's requested $750k bonus grant to $1.5M for the Orchard counterfeiting disclosure, arguing the original was 0.033% of ~$2.3B at risk versus an industry norm of 0.24%+; the bug bounty programme had closed days before Hornby's find, forcing the retroactive-grant route. Status: "Ready For Vote."T2026-08-14
T2026-08-14cite
claim
T2026-08-14
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. Taylor Hornby bonus grant Zcash Community Forum · 2026-08-14 · accessed 2026-08-22
17-18 Aug 2026a spannetwork / marketCypherpunk acquires 18% of Zcash network hashrate Cypherpunk acquires ~18% of Zcash network hashrate for $33.33 M (Bitmain Z15 Pro fleet, 4.2 GSol/s, ~7,800 ZEC/month) from Moria Mining LLC and Winklevoss Treasury Investments LLC. Holdings 323,394.38 ZEC (~1.92% of supply). Kevin Zhang heads miningT2026-08-17
T2026-08-17cite
claim
T2026-08-17
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. crypto.news, "Cypherpunk becomes largest Zcash miner in $33M deal" crypto.news · 2026-06-05 · accessed 2026-08-22
21 Aug 2026market / regulatoryGrayscale files fifth amended S-3 for Zcash ETF Grayscale files a fifth amended S-3 for the Zcash ETF — ticker ZCSH, NYSE Arca, 2.5% sponsor fee, BNY Mellon transfer agent, Coinbase Custody. Trust AUM >$260 M; a DCG unit discussing contributing ~200,000 ZECT2026-08-21
T2026-08-21cite
claim
T2026-08-21
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
high
  1. The Block — Grayscale moves closer to first Zcash ETF (21 Aug 2026) The Block · 2026-08-21 · accessed 2026-08-22
22 Aug 2026marketZEC trades near $791 with 26.8% shielded ZEC ~$790.76, market cap ~$13.34 B, circulating 16.89 M / 21 M (80.4%). Shielded: roughly 26-27% (CipherScan: 25.9% at block 3,456,227; ZECStats: 26.8%) (4,530,445 ZEC). Ironwood migration 80.6% complete; ~708,841 ZEC still stranded in OrchardT2026-08-22
T2026-08-22cite
claim
T2026-08-22
last verified
2026-08-22
confidence
med
  1. CoinGecko — Zcash CoinGecko · accessed 2026-08-22
  2. ZEC Stats (zecstats.com) ZEC Stats · accessed 2026-08-22
  3. CipherScan — Ironwood migration tracker CipherScan · 2026-08-22 · accessed 2026-08-22
Timeline - ZCashReveal